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An electronic device that, in theory, generates a fixed (constant) voltage regardless of the device's loading, power supply fluctuations, temperature changes, or the passage of time is known as a voltage reference.
| Mobile | Marketing Status | Configuration | VRRM(V) max. | IF(A) max. | VF (V) max | IFSM(A) max. | IR(uA) max. | trr (ns) max | TJ(°C) max. | TJ(°C) min. | ECCN(US) | Compliance | |
| BL431-3L | Active | EAR99 | | ||||||||||
| BL431 (SOT-23) | Active | EAR99 | |||||||||||
| BL431 (SOT-89) | Active | EAR99 | |||||||||||
| BL431H | Active | EAR99 | | ||||||||||
| BL431H SOT-89 | Active | EAR99 | | ||||||||||
| BL431R | Active | EAR99 | | ||||||||||
| BL431RH | Active | EAR99 | | ||||||||||
| BL432 | Active | EAR99 | | ||||||||||
| BL432 SOT-89 | Active | EAR99 | |
One essential electronic part that acts as a steady voltage source is a voltage reference. It is a carefully specified, standardized voltage that is used to maintain and calibrate system accuracy. These are necessary in many other applications such as digital-to-analog converters (DACs) and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs).
The main distinction is that voltage regulators produce very tight line and load regulation—that is, minor changes in output voltage with huge changes in input voltage or load current—due to their output impedances being extremely close to zero ohms. There is no output impedance in a perfect voltage source.
